Greece

经济与产业概览

Greece is a high-income eurozone member with a service-dominated economy in which tourism contributes approximately 13–20% of GDP and shipping underpins a globally significant maritime sector, with Greek owners controlling the world's largest commercial fleet by tonnage. Following the sovereign-debt crisis of 2010–2018, Greece returned to investment-grade credit ratings and recorded GDP growth well above the eurozone average, with 2.1% real growth projected for 2025 and a nominal GDP of approximately USD 280 billion. The Athens stock exchange is heavily weighted toward the four systemic banks, public utilities, and energy companies, with financial services, energy, gaming, and telecoms comprising the bulk of listed market capitalisation. Both FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones Indices placed Greece under review in 2025 for potential reclassification from emerging-market to developed-market status, a process that would affect the composition of major index-tracking funds.

主要行业

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宏观

GDP 名义, 美元	$280.28B
GDP增速 实际, 年度	2.1%
通胀率 年度	2.5%
人口 人口	10.4M
人均GDP 美元	$26,950
市值 上市总额, 美元	$135.00B
市值/GDP	48.2%
失业率	8.5%
上市公司数量	172
交易所	Euronext Athens (formerly Athens Stock Exchange / ATHEX) (ATSE_FLAG)

数据年份: 2025. 数据来源: IMF Article IV Consultation Greece 2025 (Country Report 25/85), IMF Staff Concluding Statement Greece January 2025 - real GDP growth 2.1%, companiesmarketcap.com - Top Greek companies by market cap (accessed 2026), stockanalysis.com - GREK ETF holdings and expense ratio, Global X MSCI Greece ETF (GREK) fund page - globalxetfs.com, etf.com - GREK performance and AUM 2025, Wikipedia - Athens Stock Exchange / FTSE Athex Large Cap, Euronext Athens exchange website, The National Herald - Greece unemployment 8.6% October 2025, Saxo A/S Support - Why am I unable to trade Greek shares, citizenremote.com / globalcitizensolutions.com - Greece Golden Visa 2025-2026 rules, US State Department 2025 Investment Climate Statement Greece, blackinvestor360.com - Greece Major Industries 2025, Nasdaq.com - NBGRY, BPIRY, HLTOY, MOHCY listings, Yahoo Finance - EGFEY, ALBKY, GOFPY tickers, Worldometers GDP/population estimates (est.), Macrotrends.net GDP data (est.).

本地交易所与准入

交易所	Euronext Athens (formerly Athens Stock Exchange / ATHEX)
代码	ATSE_FLAG
网站	athens.euronext.com
货币	EUR

本地券商准入

Interactive Brokers (IBKR) offers direct access to Euronext Athens for non-Greek clients and is consistently rated the top international broker for trading Greek shares. Saxo Bank does not support the creation of new SAT (Dematerialised Securities System) accounts required for direct share settlement on ATHEX, though Saxo clients can trade CFDs on Greek shares. Euronext-member Greek brokers including Eurobank Equities, Alpha Finance, National Securities (NBG subsidiary), and Piraeus Securities serve both domestic and foreign clients; accounts can typically be opened remotely with KYC documentation. Foreigners can alternatively gain exposure via ADRs and OTC-traded instruments on US markets without needing a SAT account. The exchange operates under EU MiFID II regulation, and all standard EU investor protections apply.

支持外国市场准入的全球券商

• Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
• Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
• Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
• Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.

仅供参考，不构成推荐。不同券商及您所在国家/地区的可用市场、费用及开户规定各有不同。

移居与居留权

外资准入

Greece imposes no restrictions on foreign ownership of publicly listed equities on Euronext Athens. Foreign investors can hold shares outright, though EU Transparency Directive rules require disclosure of significant shareholdings crossing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50%, and 75% thresholds. To hold shares directly on the Athens exchange, investors must open a Securities Account (Dematerialised Securities System / SAT account) through a licensed Greek broker or custodian bank. Foreign residents and non-residents can open SAT accounts through member brokers of Euronext Athens such as Eurobank Equities, Alpha Finance, Piraeus Securities, and National Securities. Documentation typically required includes passport, proof of tax residency, and source-of-funds information per EU AML rules. Non-EU investors face no sectoral restrictions on listed equities, though some regulated sectors (banking, telecoms, defence) have statutory caps on non-EU ownership that may apply at the subsidiary level.