Bulgaria Пограничные
Europe · Sofia · EUR (Euro (adopted 1 January 2026; previously Bulgarian Lev pegged at 1.95583 BGN/EUR))
Обзор экономики и отраслей
Bulgaria is an upper-middle-income EU member state in Southeastern Europe with a nominal GDP of approximately $112 billion in 2024, having adopted the euro on 1 January 2026 after decades with a currency board pegging the lev to the euro. The economy is driven by industrial manufacturing, IT and business-process outsourcing services, tourism, agriculture, and energy, with the services sector accounting for roughly 72% of gross value added. Bulgaria is a significant regional producer of copper, gold, and refined petroleum products, and has become an established nearshoring destination for European technology firms owing to competitive labour costs and a well-educated workforce. Real GDP grew 2.8% in 2024 and 3.1% in 2025, supported by strong domestic consumption, EU structural and recovery funds absorption, and export-oriented industry. Demographic headwinds from population decline and emigration remain a structural constraint on long-run growth potential.
Ключевые секторы
📘 Всё о стране Bulgaria →Макро
| ВВП номинальный, USD | $112.21B |
| Рост ВВП реальный, годовой | 2.8% |
| Инфляция годовая | 2.4% |
| Население человек | 6.5M |
| ВВП на душу населения USD | $17,364 |
| Рыночная капитализация всего на бирже, USD | $7.80B |
| Рыночная капитализация / ВВП | 7.0% |
| Безработица | 4.2% |
| Листингованные компании | 250 |
| Биржа | Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE) |
Год данных: 2024. Источники: World Bank – GDP (current USD), 2024, Bulgarian National Statistical Institute (NSI) – GDP Press Release, March 2025, FocusEconomics – Bulgaria Economic Forecast, European Commission Spring 2026 Economic Forecast – Bulgaria, EBRD Transition Report 2024-25 – Bulgaria, TradingEconomics – Bulgaria Macroeconomic Indicators, Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE-Sofia) – bse-sofia.bg, MarketScreener – Bulgaria listed companies, FinancialReports.eu – Bulgaria listed instruments, CEOWORLD Magazine – Bulgaria Largest Companies by Market Cap, December 2024, Statista – Bulgaria GDP and Unemployment, IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026, Macrotrends – Bulgaria Unemployment Rate.
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LatviaКрупнейшие листингованные компании
Крупнейшие компании на основной местной бирже по рыночной капитализации.
| # | Компания | Сектор | Рыночная капитализацияUSD | Листинг в США |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tchaikapharma High Quality Medicines ADT4H · BSE | Pharmaceuticals | $875.00M | — |
| 2 | Shelly Group ADSLYG · BSE | Technology – Smart Home / IoT | $639.00M | — |
| 3 | Speedy ADSPEDY · BSE | Logistics & Express Delivery | $601.00M | — |
| 4 | Eurohold Bulgaria ADEUBG · BSE | Financials – Insurance & Diversified Holdings | $420.00M | — |
| 5 | First Investment Bank AD (Fibank)5F4 · BSE | Banking | $380.00M | — |
| 6 | Sopharma AD3JR · BSE | Pharmaceuticals | $310.00M | — |
| 7 | Monbat ADMBT · BSE | Industrials – Lead-Acid Batteries | $270.00M | — |
| 8 | Sopharma Trading ADSO5 · BSE | Healthcare – Pharmaceutical Distribution | $250.00M | — |
| 9 | Advance Terrafund REIT6A6 · BSE | Real Estate – Agricultural Land REIT | $230.00M | — |
| 10 | Alcomet ADALX · BSE | Materials – Aluminium Products | $210.00M | — |
| 11 | CB Industrialholding ADI40 · BSE | Industrials – Diversified Holding | $190.00M | — |
| 12 | Gradus ADGR6 · BSE | Consumer Staples – Poultry & Food Processing | $185.00M | — |
| 13 | Bulgarian Stock Exchange ADBSO · BSE | Financials – Exchange Operator | $95.00M | — |
| 14 | Zlatni Pyasatsi (Golden Sands) ADZPD · BSE | Consumer Discretionary – Tourism & Hospitality | $90.00M | — |
| 15 | Chimimport ADCIM · BSE | Financials – Diversified Holding | $85.00M | — |
ETF на рынках США
Фонды, зарегистрированные в США и обеспечивающие доступ к этому рынку — наиболее простой маршрут для многих американских инвесторов.
| Тикер | ETF | Эмитент | Охват | Коэффициент расходов% годовых | Экспозиция% фонда |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOFIX | Expat Bulgaria SOFIX UCITS ETF | Expat Asset Management | Одна страна | 0.50% | 100% |
| ESR | WisdomTree Emerging Markets SmallCap Dividend Fund | WisdomTree | Широкий EM | 0.58% | — |
| FM | iShares MSCI Frontier and Select EM ETF | BlackRock / iShares | Региональный | 0.79% | — |
Местная биржа и доступ
| Биржа | Bulgarian Stock Exchange |
| Код | BSE |
| Сайт | www.bse-sofia.bg |
| Валюта | EUR |
Доступ через местных брокеров
Foreign retail investors face limited direct access to the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. Interactive Brokers provides some access to BSE-listed securities for eligible clients. Local Bulgarian licensed investment intermediaries (e.g., Elana Trading, Karoll, CB Securities, Deltastock) offer direct BSE access and are regulated by the Financial Supervision Commission (FSC). Most international brokers do not carry BSE equities. The SOFIX index has no US-traded single-country ETF; the Expat Bulgaria SOFIX UCITS ETF (ticker: SOFIX) is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) in EUR and is the primary passive vehicle for international investors. Settlement is T+2. The BSE EuroBridge segment (launched July 2024) allows dual-listing on Deutsche Börse XETRA, improving accessibility for European investors.
Глобальные брокеры с доступом к иностранным рынкам
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
Приведено исключительно для справки — не является рекомендацией. Доступные рынки, комиссии и условия обслуживания различаются у разных брокеров и зависят от страны вашего проживания.
Переезд и вид на жительство
Инвестиционная виза / программа вида на жительство
Гранты Permanent residency (not citizenship); Schengen Area travel included
Bulgaria operates a Residence by Investment programme under the Foreign Nationals and Permanent Residence in the Republic of Bulgaria Act. Non-EU nationals can obtain permanent residency by investing at least BGN 2,000,000 (approximately EUR 1,022,000) in shares of a Bulgarian Stock Exchange-listed company involved in a Certified Priority Investment Project, or approximately BGN 500,000 (approximately EUR 255,645) in qualifying business investments creating at least 10 jobs. Investment through authorised collective investment schemes (venture capital funds) targeting Bulgarian assets is also a qualifying route. In March 2024, Bulgaria joined the Schengen Area (air and sea borders), making Bulgarian permanent residency more attractive as it allows visa-free travel across the Schengen zone. The programme grants permanent residency rather than citizenship. Bulgaria abolished a separate 'golden passport' (citizenship-by-investment) scheme in 2022 following EU Commission pressure.
Минимальные инвестиции: $275.00K
Нужна помощь с подачей заявки? Специализированные консультанты по инвестиционной миграции, например Henley & Partners.
Доступ для иностранных инвесторов
Bulgaria is an EU and Schengen member state (full Schengen since March 2024). EU/EEA citizens may reside and work freely. Non-EU nationals require a visa or residence permit. Bulgaria has a flat 10% personal income tax rate, one of the lowest in the EU, and a 10% corporate income tax rate. Cost of living is among the lowest in the EU. Sofia is the main business and expat hub; Plovdiv and Varna are secondary centres. Healthcare and infrastructure quality vary; English is widely spoken in the business and IT sectors.
АДР и кросс-листинги в США
Компании из этой страны, акции которых также торгуются в США — доступны через обычный брокерский счёт в США.
| Компания | Тикер в США | Местный тикер | Примечание |
|---|---|---|---|
| No notable US-listed ADRs | — | As of mid-2026, no Bulgarian company is listed on a major US exchange (NYSE, NASDAQ, NYSE American) via ADR or direct listing. Bulgarian companies are exclusively traded on the BSE (Sofia) and, for select issuers, via the BSE EuroBridge on Deutsche Börse XETRA. Shelly Group (SLYG) has an international profile but trades only on the BSE. |