Egypt
Africa / Middle East · Cairo · EGP (Egyptian Pound)
Tổng quan kinh tế & ngành
Egypt is the third-largest economy in Africa by nominal GDP, with a population exceeding 107 million. The economy is anchored by remittances from Egyptians abroad, Suez Canal transit revenues, tourism receipts, hydrocarbons, and a large domestic consumer base. Banking and financial services, construction, fertilizer production, and telecommunications dominate the Egyptian Exchange, reflecting both the state's historical role in the economy and recent liberalization efforts. Following a significant currency devaluation in March 2024 and an IMF-supported stabilization program, Egypt's real GDP growth was projected at 4.2–4.5% for FY2025/26, with inflation easing from an annual average of around 20% in FY2024/25 toward the low double digits in FY2025/26. Key structural challenges include a high public debt burden, a wide current account deficit, and ongoing need to broaden the tax base and attract foreign direct investment.
Các ngành trọng điểm
📘 Tìm hiểu mọi thứ về Egypt →Vĩ mô
| GDP danh nghĩa, USD | $407.00B |
| Tăng trưởng GDP thực, hàng năm | 4.2% |
| Lạm phát hàng năm | 20.4% |
| Dân số người | 107.9M |
| GDP bình quân đầu người USD | $3,800 |
| Vốn hóa thị trường tổng niêm yết, USD | $46.60B |
| Vốn hóa thị trường / GDP | 11.5% |
| Thất nghiệp | 7.4% |
| Công ty niêm yết | 250 |
| Sàn giao dịch | The Egyptian Exchange (EGX) |
Năm dữ liệu: 2025. Nguồn: IMF World Economic Outlook April 2026 (via search summaries) — GDP, growth, inflation, IMF DataMapper Egypt profile — GDP per capita, unemployment projections, Ahram Online / Amwal Al Ghad — IMF Egypt growth and inflation projections FY25/26, StockAnalysis.com Egyptian Stock Exchange listing — top companies by EGP market cap (data retrieved June 2024), CEIC Data — EGX total market capitalization April 2025 in EGP, Exchange-rates.org — USD/EGP average rate 2025 (~49 EGP/USD used for conversion), Statista — Egypt total population 2025 (~107.9M), VanEck press release — EGPT liquidation March 2024, ETFdb.com AFK — VanEck Africa Index ETF expense ratio 0.76%, EFG Hermes Trading Guide / African-markets.com — EGX foreign ownership rules, US State Department 2025 Investment Climate Statement for Egypt — foreign ownership limits and FRA approval thresholds, Emerging Market Skeptic — Egypt ADR/OTC listings (CIBEY, GBAXY, OCINF), GlobalCitizenSolutions.com / Mondaq — Egypt Citizenship by Investment program details, Orascom Construction / OCI Global press releases — merger announcement September-December 2025, Trading Economics — Egypt inflation and unemployment data, est. — market cap USD conversion and Egypt weight in EEM/IEMG are estimates.
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Các công ty niêm yết lớn nhất
Các công ty lớn nhất trên sàn giao dịch địa phương chính, theo vốn hóa thị trường.
| # | Công ty | Ngành | Vốn hóa thị trườngUSD | Niêm yết tại Mỹ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commercial International Bank Egypt (CIB) S.A.E.COMI · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $9.30B | CIBEY |
| 2 | Talaat Moustafa Group Holding S.A.E.TMGH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate Development | $3.96B | — |
| 3 | El Sewedy Electric Company S.A.E.SWDY · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Electrical Equipment | $3.82B | — |
| 4 | Telecom Egypt Company S.A.E.ETEL · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Telecommunications | $3.18B | — |
| 5 | Misr Fertilizers Production Company (MOPCO) S.A.E.MFPC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Chemicals & Fertilizers | $2.50B | — |
| 6 | QNB Alahli S.A.E.QNBE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $2.37B | — |
| 7 | Eastern Company S.A.E.EAST · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Staples – Tobacco | $2.32B | — |
| 8 | Alexandria Container & Cargo Handling Company S.A.E.ALCN · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Transportation & Logistics | $1.83B | — |
| 9 | Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemical Industries Co. S.A.E.ABUK · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Chemicals & Fertilizers | $1.78B | — |
| 10 | Orascom Construction PLCORAS · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Construction & Engineering | $1.65B | — |
| 11 | e-finance for Digital and Financial Investments S.A.E.EFIH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Technology – Financial Technology | $1.56B | — |
| 12 | Fawry for Banking Technology and Electronic Payments S.A.E.FWRY · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Technology – Financial Technology | $1.34B | — |
| 13 | EFG Holding Company S.A.E.HRHO · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services – Diversified Financials | $790.00M | — |
| 14 | Palm Hills Developments S.A.E.PHDC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate Development | $628.00M | — |
| 15 | Beltone Holding S.A.E.BTFH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services – Diversified Financials | $616.00M | — |
| 16 | Juhayna Food Industries S.A.E.JUFO · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Staples – Food & Beverage | $610.00M | — |
| 17 | Credit Agricole Egypt Bank S.A.E.CIEB · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $582.00M | — |
| 18 | Sixth of October for Development and Investment Company (SODIC) S.A.E.OCDI · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate Development | $540.00M | — |
| 19 | Sidi Kerir Petrochemicals Company S.A.E.SKPC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Chemicals & Petrochemicals | $414.00M | — |
| 20 | TAQA Arabia S.A.E.TAQA · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Utilities – Energy Distribution | $368.00M | — |
| 21 | Cleopatra Hospitals Group S.A.E.CLHO · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Healthcare | $366.00M | — |
| 22 | Sinai Cement Company S.A.E.SCEM · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Building Materials | $352.00M | — |
| 23 | Misr Cement (Qena) Company S.A.E.MCQE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Building Materials | $346.00M | — |
| 24 | Arabian Cement Company S.A.E.ARCC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Building Materials | $396.00M | — |
| 25 | Misr Beni Suef Cement Company S.A.E.MBSC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Building Materials | $302.00M | — |
| 26 | The United Bank S.A.E.UBEE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $302.00M | — |
| 27 | Madinet Masr for Housing and Development S.A.E.MASR · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate Development | $300.00M | — |
| 28 | Oriental Weavers Carpets Company S.A.E.ORWE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Consumer Durables & Textiles | $292.00M | — |
| 29 | Alexandria Mineral Oils Company S.A.E.AMOC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Energy – Oil Refining & Petrochemicals | $212.00M | — |
| 30 | Egyptian Gulf Bank S.A.E.EGBE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $201.00M | — |
| 31 | Orascom Hotels and Development S.A.E.ORHD · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate & Hospitality | $330.00M | — |
| 32 | Maridive and Oil Services S.A.E.MOIL · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Energy – Oilfield Services | $200.00M | — |
| 33 | Pioneers Holding Company S.A.E.PIOH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services – Diversified Financials | $190.00M | — |
| 34 | National Bank of Egypt S.A.E. (Subsidiary listed shares)NSGB · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Banking & Financial Services | $180.00M | — |
| 35 | El Nasr for Intermediate Chemicals S.A.E.ENCH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Chemicals | $165.00M | — |
| 36 | Orascom Investment Holding S.A.E.ORIH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Diversified Financials – Holding Company | $155.00M | — |
| 37 | Egypt Kuwait Holding Company S.A.E.EKHO · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Diversified Financials – Holding Company | $150.00M | — |
| 38 | Alexandria Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries Co. S.A.E.AXPH · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Healthcare – Pharmaceuticals | $145.00M | — |
| 39 | Ghabbour Auto S.A.E.AUTO · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Discretionary – Automotive | $140.00M | — |
| 40 | Egyptian Resorts Company S.A.E.EGTS · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate & Tourism | $130.00M | — |
| 41 | Emaar Misr for Development S.A.E.EMFD · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Real Estate Development | $120.00M | — |
| 42 | Elsewedy for Electrical Industries S.A.E.SEEI · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Electrical Components | $110.00M | — |
| 43 | Egyptian Financial and Industrial Company S.A.E.EFIC · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Diversified Manufacturing | $107.00M | — |
| 44 | Domty for Trading and Foodstuff Manufacturing S.A.E.DOMT · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Staples – Food & Beverage | $100.00M | — |
| 45 | Mobinil for Telecommunications S.A.E. (Orange Egypt)MTEL · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Telecommunications | $95.00M | — |
| 46 | Alkan for Telecommunications and Information Technology S.A.E.TELE · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Technology – IT & Telecommunications | $90.00M | — |
| 47 | Misr Hotels S.A.E.MHOT · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Discretionary – Hotels & Tourism | $85.00M | — |
| 48 | Edita Food Industries S.A.E.EDIT · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Consumer Staples – Food & Beverage | $80.00M | — |
| 49 | Asek Company for Mining S.A.E. (ASEC Holding)ASCM · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Industrials – Mining & Building Materials | $75.00M | — |
| 50 | Egyptian Kuwaiti Holding Company (EGX-listed holding instrument)EKHOA · Egyptian Exchange (EGX) | Diversified Financials | $70.00M | — |
ETF giao dịch tại Mỹ
Các quỹ niêm yết tại Mỹ cung cấp tiếp cận thị trường này — lộ trình đơn giản nhất cho nhiều nhà đầu tư Mỹ.
| Mã cổ phiếu | ETF | Tổ chức phát hành | Phạm vi | Tỷ lệ chi phí% hàng năm | Mức độ tiếp cận% quỹ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGPT | VanEck Egypt Index ETF | VanEck | Đơn quốc gia | 1.35% | 100% |
| IEMG | iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF | BlackRock iShares | EM diện rộng | 0.09% | 0% |
| EEM | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF | BlackRock iShares | EM diện rộng | 0.70% | 0% |
| AFK | VanEck Africa Index ETF | VanEck | Khu vực | 0.76% | 15% |
Sàn giao dịch địa phương & tiếp cận
| Sàn giao dịch | The Egyptian Exchange |
| Mã | EGX |
| Trang web | www.egx.com.eg |
| Tiền tệ | EGP |
Tiếp cận qua môi giới địa phương
Interactive Brokers offers access to the Egyptian Exchange (EGX) for eligible international clients, with accounts denominated in USD and currency conversion handled at the broker level. EFG Hermes (now EFG Holding), the largest Egyptian investment bank, provides a widely used local brokerage platform accessible to both resident and non-resident foreign investors through its online trading portal (EFG Hermes Trading). Locally, there are over 100 EGX-licensed brokerage firms including Beltone Financial, Pharos Securities, and CI Capital. Foreign nationals open local brokerage accounts by providing passport, proof of address, and a tax identification number; the broker facilitates registration with MCDR for a national investor number. Saxo Bank does not widely advertise direct EGX access. US retail brokers generally do not offer direct EGX trading; US investors primarily access Egypt through OTC ADRs (e.g., CIBEY) or emerging-market ETFs.
Môi giới toàn cầu có tiếp cận thị trường nước ngoài
- Interactive Brokers — Direct access to 90+ markets worldwide, including many emerging exchanges.
- Saxo Bank — Multi-market access across Asia, Europe and the Middle East.
- Charles Schwab (Global) — Foreign ordinary shares on select markets; US-listed ADRs and ETFs.
- Fidelity International Trading — International stock trading on a number of developed and emerging markets.
Được liệt kê chỉ để tiện tham khảo — không phải khuyến nghị. Các thị trường có sẵn, phí giao dịch và quy định đăng ký khác nhau theo từng môi giới và quốc gia cư trú của bạn.
Di cư & cư trú
Visa đầu tư / chương trình cư trú
Trợ cấp Temporary residency (renewable; path to permanent residency)
Egypt operates a Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program, formally enacted in 2019 and updated in 2023. Foreign nationals can obtain Egyptian citizenship by choosing one of four routes: (1) a non-refundable contribution of USD 250,000 to the Egyptian state treasury; (2) purchase of real estate valued at USD 300,000 or more; (3) a business investment of at least USD 350,000 plus a USD 100,000 non-refundable deposit; or (4) a refundable bank deposit of USD 500,000 held for three years. Real estate and business investments must be maintained for at least five years. The program is administered by the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI). No minimum residency requirement applies; however, at least one in-person visit to Egypt during processing is required. Processing typically takes six to twelve months.
Đầu tư tối thiểu: $250.00K
Cần hỗ trợ nộp đơn? Các chuyên gia tư vấn di trú đầu tư như Henley & Partners.
Tiếp cận của nhà đầu tư nước ngoài
Foreign investors face virtually no ownership restrictions on EGX-listed equities; foreigners may own up to 100% of listed shares in most companies. Two exceptions exist: Sinai Cement (SCEM) and Sharm Dreams (SDTI) are restricted to Egyptian nationals for national security reasons. Disclosure thresholds apply: acquiring more than 5% of share capital requires notification to the Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA) within fifteen days; acquiring 10% or more requires prior FRA approval. Foreign residents wishing to invest locally must open an account with an EGX-member brokerage firm, obtain a national investor number from Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry (MCDR), and provide standard KYC documentation. Accounts can be held and settled in USD; the broker manages EGP conversion.
ADR & niêm yết chéo tại Mỹ
Các công ty từ quốc gia này có cổ phiếu cũng giao dịch tại Mỹ — có thể đầu tư qua tài khoản môi giới Mỹ thông thường.
| Công ty | Mã cổ phiếu Mỹ | Mã cổ phiếu địa phương | Ghi chú |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial International Bank Egypt (CIB) | CIBEY | COMI | Trades on OTCQX Best Market as an OTC ADR; most liquid Egyptian OTC listing in the US |
| GB Auto SAE | GBAXY | AUTO | OTC Pink market; Egyptian auto assembler and distributor |
| OCI NV (Orascom-affiliated) | OCINF | — | Netherlands-incorporated fertilizer/chemicals holding company with Egyptian roots; OTCQX. Note: OCI NV announced merger with Orascom Construction in late 2025 and planned delisting from Euronext Amsterdam; status may change in 2026 |