United Arab Emirates — Perfil do país

Middle East

The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states -- Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn -- merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ra's al Khaymah joined in 1972.

The UAE's per-capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. For more than three decades, oil and global finance drove the UAE's economy. In 2008-09, the confluence of falling oil prices, collapsing real estate prices, and the international banking crisis hit the UAE especially hard. The UAE did not experience the "Arab Spring" unrest seen elsewhere in the Middle East in 2010-11, partly because of the government's multi-year, $1.6-billion infrastructure investment plan for the poorer northern emirates, and its aggressive pursuit of advocates for political reform.

The UAE in recent years has played a growing role in regional affairs. In addition to donating billions of dollars in economic aid to help stabilize Egypt, the UAE was one of the first countries to join the Defeat ISIS coalition, and to participate as a key partner in a Saudi-led military campaign in Yemen. In 2020, the UAE and Bahrain signed a peace agreement (the Abraham Accords) with Israel -- brokered by the US -- in Washington, D.C. The UAE and Bahrain thus became the third and fourth Middle Eastern countries, along with Egypt and Jordan, to recognize Israel.

Economia

Budget: revenues:
$23.248 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures:
$19.349 billion (2023 est.)
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Exports: Exports 2021:
$425.156 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2022:
$521.897 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2023:
$558.402 billion (2023 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports: Imports 2021:
$347.529 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2022:
$427.992 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2023:
$481.852 billion (2023 est.)
note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Industries: petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles
Labor force: 7.09 million (2024 est.)
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt: Public debt 2017:
19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Exchange rates: Currency:
Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2020:
3.672 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2021:
3.672 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2022:
3.672 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2023:
3.672 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2024:
3.672 (2024 est.)
Economic overview: high-income, oil-driven Middle Eastern economy; fastest GDP growth of Gulf states; diversification through tourism, construction, and services; strong foreign direct investment orientation; continued government investment and business-friendly reforms
Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate 2022:
2.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate 2023:
2.2% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate 2024:
2.2% (2024 est.)
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Exports - partners: China 11%, India 11%, Japan 10%, Iraq 6%, Thailand 4% (2023)
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Imports - partners: China 19%, India 7%, USA 6%, Turkey 4%, Japan 4% (2023)
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Real GDP per capita: Real GDP per capita 2022:
$68,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023:
$68,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2024:
$68,600 (2024 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate: Real GDP growth rate 2022:
7.5% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2023:
3.6% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate 2024:
3.8% (2024 est.)
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Agricultural products: dates, cucumbers/gherkins, camel milk, goat milk, tomatoes, chicken, goat meat, eggs, milk, camel meat (2023)
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities: gold, broadcasting equipment, cars, refined petroleum, diamonds (2023)
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Taxes and other revenues: 0.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
GDP (official exchange rate): $537.079 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption:
45.6% (2023 est.)
government consumption:
12.4% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories:
0% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital:
27.1% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services:
108.6% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services:
-93.7% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Average household expenditures: on food:
12.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco:
0.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022:
5.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023:
1.6% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024:
1.7% (2024 est.)
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Industrial production growth rate: 0.8% (2023 est.)
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022:
$693.842 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023:
$718.95 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024:
$745.994 billion (2024 est.)
note: data in 2021 dollars
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): male:
4.1% (2024 est.)
total:
6.4% (2024 est.)
female:
12.1% (2024 est.)
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022:
$138.433 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023:
$189.491 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024:
$237.931 billion (2024 est.)
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: industry:
47.7% (2023 est.)
services:
51.6% (2023 est.)
agriculture:
0.7% (2023 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%:
2.8% (2018 est.)
highest 10%:
20.5% (2018 est.)
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018:
26.4 (2018 est.)
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Energia

Coal: exports:
82,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports:
5.512 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption:
5.411 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum: total petroleum production:
4.146 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves:
97.8 billion barrels (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption:
846,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Electricity: exports:
613 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports:
501.067 million kWh (2023 est.)
consumption:
157.974 billion kWh (2023 est.)
installed generating capacity:
44.462 million kW (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses:
7.914 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Natural gas: exports:
6.863 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports:
18.938 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
production:
55.8 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption:
67.734 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves:
6.091 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Nuclear energy: Number of operational nuclear reactors:
4 (2025)
Percent of total electricity production:
19.7% (2023 est.)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors:
5.35GW (2025 est.)
Electricity access: electrification - total population:
100% (2022 est.)
Energy consumption per capita: Total energy consumption per capita 2023:
450.432 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources: solar:
4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear:
19.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
fossil fuels:
75.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Mais sobre United Arab Emirates

People and Society

Literacy: male:
99% (2024 est.)
female:
98.4% (2024 est.)
total population:
98.8% (2024 est.)
Languages: Languages:
Arabic (official), English, Hindi, Malayalam, Urdu, Pashto, Tagalog, Persian
major-language sample(s):

كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim 74.5% (official) (Sunni 63.3%, Shia 6.7%, other 4.4%), Christian 12.9%, Hindu 6.2%, Buddhist 3.2%, agnostic 1.3%, other 1.9% (2020 est.)
note: data represent the total population; as of 2020, immigrants make up about 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data
Sex ratio: at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
2.47 male(s)/female
total population:
2.13 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
65 years and over:
3.25 male(s)/female
Birth rate: 10.65 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate: 1.73 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Median age: male:
38.1 years
total:
35.8 years (2025 est.)
female:
29.8 years
Population: male:
6,831,802
total:
10,093,593 (2025 est.)
female:
3,261,791
Nationality: noun:
Emirati(s)
adjective:
Emirati
Tobacco use: male:
13.9% (2025 est.)
total:
10.7% (2025 est.)
female:
2.4% (2025 est.)
Urbanization: urban population:
87.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:
1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years:
16.4% (male 842,577/female 802,302)
15-64 years:
81.4% (male 5,812,470/female 2,353,750)
65 years and over:
2.2% (2024 est.) (male 169,084/female 52,030)
Ethnic groups: Emirati 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8% (2015 est.)
note: data represent the total population; as of 2019, immigrants make up about 87.9% of the total population, according to UN data
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio:
23.4 (2025 est.)
youth dependency ratio:
20.4 (2025 est.)
potential support ratio:
33.4 (2025 est.)
elderly dependency ratio:
3 (2025 est.)
Physician density: 2.99 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Health expenditure: Health expenditure (as % of GDP):
5.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget):
12.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Hospital bed density: 2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Drinking water source: improved: rural:
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total:
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban:
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural:
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total:
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban:
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Education expenditure: Education expenditure (% GDP):
3.9% of GDP (2021 est.)
Education expenditure (% national budget):
14.8% national budget (2021 est.)
Infant mortality rate: male:
5.5 deaths/1,000 live births
total:
4.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
female:
4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate: 0.62% (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate: 0.78 (2025 est.)
Population distribution: population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates -- Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah -- are home to nearly 85% of the population
Life expectancy at birth: male:
78.6 years
female:
81.4 years
total population:
79.9 years (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio: 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Sanitation facility access: improved: rural:
rural: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total:
total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: urban:
urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural:
rural: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total:
total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban:
urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita: beer:
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine:
0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
total:
2.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits:
1.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols:
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Major urban areas - population: 3.008 million Dubai, 1.831 million Sharjah, 1.567 million ABU DHABI (capital) (2023)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 31.7% (2016)
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 67.4% (2018 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): male:
15 years (2023 est.)
total:
16 years (2023 est.)
female:
16 years (2023 est.)

Government

Flag: description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black, with a wider vertical red band on the left side

meaning: the flag incorporates all four pan-Arab colors, which in this case represent fertility (green), neutrality (white), oil (black), and unity (red); red is a traditional color that was part of all the emirates' flags before their unification
Capital: name:
Abu Dhabi
etymology:
in Arabic, abu means "father," and dhabi refers to a personal name, Dhabi or Zabi, that comes from the word zab, or "gazelle"
time difference:
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
geographic coordinates:
24 28 N, 54 22 E
Suffrage: limited
note: rulers of the seven emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that accounts for about 12 percent of Emirati citizens
Citizenship: citizenship by birth:
no
citizenship by descent only:
the father must be a citizen of the United Arab Emirates; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized:
no
residency requirement for naturalization:
30 years
Constitution: history:
previous 1971 (provisional); latest drafted in 1979, became permanent May 1996
amendment process:
proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president
Country name: former:
Trucial Oman, Trucial States
etymology:
self-descriptive country name; the name Arabia can be traced back at least as far as the ancient Egyptians, who referred to the region as "Ar Rabi;" "emirates" derives from amir, the Arabic word for "commander," "lord," or "prince;" the former name, Trucial States, refers to a maritime truce from 1820 between the British and the Arab sheikhdoms
abbreviation:
UAE
local long form:
Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah
local short form:
none
conventional long form:
United Arab Emirates
conventional short form:
none
Independence: 2 December 1971 (from the UK)
Legal system: mixed system of Islamic (sharia) law and civil law
Government type: federation of monarchies
Judicial branch: highest court(s):
Federal Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases)
subordinate courts:
Federal Court of Cassation (determines the constitutionality of laws); the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system
judge selection and term of office:
judges appointed by the federal president after approval from the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiration of their appointment terms
note: the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, adjudicate civil and commercial disputes
Executive branch: cabinet:
Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president
chief of state:
President MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al Nuhayyan (since 14 May 2022)
election results:

2022: MUHAMMAD BIN ZAYID Al-Nuhayyan elected president; Federal Supreme Council vote - NA
head of government:
Prime Minister and Co-Vice President MUHAMMAD BIN RASHID Al Maktum (since 5 January 2006)
most recent election date:
unscheduled election held on 14 May 2022, after the death of President KHALIFA bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan
election/appointment process:
president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council -- composed of the rulers of the 7 emirates -- for a 5-year term (no term limits); prime minister appointed by the president
expected date of next election:
2027
note: the Federal Supreme Council (FSC) is composed of the 7 emirate rulers and is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; the FSC establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power
National holiday: Independence Day (National Day), 2 December (1971)
National color(s): green, white, black, red
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites:
2 ( both cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales:
Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud, and Oases Areas); Faya Palaeolandscape (c)
Political parties: note: political parties are banned; all candidates run as independents
Legislative branch: term in office:
4 years
number of seats:
40 (20 indirectly elected; 20 appointed)
electoral system:
other systems
legislature name:
Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihadi)
scope of elections:
full renewal
legislative structure:
unicameral
most recent election date:
10/7/2023
expected date of next election:
October 2027
percentage of women in chamber:
50%
National anthem(s): title:
"Nashid al-watani al-imarati" (National Anthem of the UAE)
history:
music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1986; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for Tunisia's and Libya's anthem
lyrics/music:
AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB
National symbol(s): golden falcon
Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX:
[1] (202) 243-2408
chancery:
3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 243-2400
chief of mission:
Ambassador Yousif AL OTAIBA (since 28 July 2008)
consulate(s) general:
Houston, Los Angeles, New York
email address and website:

info@uaeembassy-usa.org

https://www.uae-embassy.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US: FAX:
[971] (2) 414-2241
embassy:
Embassies District, Plot 38, Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi
telephone:
[971] (2) 414-2200
mailing address:
6010 Abu Dhabi Place, Washington DC 20521-6010
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Eric GAUDIOSI (since August 2025)
consulate(s) general:
Dubai
email address and website:

abudhabiacs@state.gov

https://ae.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB (nonregional member), AFESD, AMF, BIS, BRICS, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Communications

Internet users: percent of population:
100% (2023 est.)
Broadcast media: most TV and radio stations state-owned, but many private organizations now operating in media free zones in Abu Dhabi and Dubai; widespread use of satellite dishes to access pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2022)
Internet country code: .ae
Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions:
2.259 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
21 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions:
22.4 million (2024 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
203 (2024 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total:
3.95 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
37 (2023 est.)

Transportation

Ports: large:
1
small:
9
medium:
4
key ports:
Abu Zaby, Jabal Az Zannah/Ruways, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali, Zirkuh
very small:
6
total ports:
20 (2024)
ports with oil terminals:
17
Airports: 42 (2025)
Heliports: 204 (2025)
Merchant marine: total:
655 (2023)
by type:
bulk carrier 2, container ship 3, general cargo 122, oil tanker 16, other 512
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: A6

Geography

Area: land:
83,600 sq km
water:
0 sq km
total :
83,600 sq km
Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert; mountains in east
Land use: other:
89.7% (2023 est.)
forest:
4.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land:
5.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land:
arable land: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops:
permanent crops: 0.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture:
permanent pasture: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Coastline: 1,318 km
Elevation: lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point:
Jabal Bil 'Ays 1,905 m
mean elevation:
149 m
Irrigated land: 940 sq km (2022)
Map references: Middle East
Land boundaries: total:
1,066 km
border countries:
Oman 609 km; Saudi Arabia 457 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone:
24 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Natural hazards: frequent sand and dust storms
Geography - note: strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a transit point for crude oil; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) together account for over 90% of UAE's area and two-thirds of the population
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas
Area - comparative: slightly larger than South Carolina; slightly smaller than Maine
Geographic coordinates: 24 00 N, 54 00 E
Population distribution: population is heavily concentrated to the northeast on the Musandam Peninsula; the three largest emirates -- Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah -- are home to nearly 85% of the population

Environment

Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Land use: other:
89.7% (2023 est.)
forest:
4.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land:
5.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land:
arable land: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops:
permanent crops: 0.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture:
permanent pasture: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization: urban population:
87.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization:
1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Methane emissions: other:
2.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste:
448.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
energy:
1,573.7 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture:
47.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually:
5.618 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled:
24.5% (2022 est.)
Environmental issues: air pollution; water scarcity; lack of natural freshwater resources; land degradation and desertification; waste generation, beach pollution from oil spills
Total water withdrawal: municipal:
2.297 billion cubic meters (2022)
industrial:
55 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural:
2.466 billion cubic meters (2022)
Carbon dioxide emissions: total emissions:
271.703 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas:
132.876 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke:
12.788 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids:
126.038 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions: 38.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Total renewable water resources: 150 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
International environmental agreements: party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea

Military and Security

Military - note: the UAE Armed Forces (UAEAF) are responsible for defending the state, its resources, and territory, preserving internal security, and supporting the UAE's foreign policy objectives; key security concerns include regional stability and cross-border threats, such as piracy and terrorism; in recent years, the UAE has undertaken a military modernization program to go along with an assertive security policy which has included military involvements in Afghanistan, Libya, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen

the UAE has close security ties to France and the US; it hosts a multi-service French military base, which includes the French naval command for the Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN); the UAE has a defense cooperation agreement with the US and hosts thousands of US military troops, mostly air and naval personnel; it also has defense ties with a number of other countries, including Australia, China, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, South Korea, and the UK, as well as NATO and fellow members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, particularly Saudi Arabia

the UAEAF traces its origins to the establishment of the Trucial Oman Scouts in 1951, a joint UK-Abu Dhabi organization modeled after Jordan’s Arab Legion, which became the Abu Dhabi Defense Force in 1965; the modern UAEAF were formed in 1976 (2025)
Military deployments: maintains a few hundred troops in Somalia and Yemen (2025)
Military expenditures: Military Expenditures 2020:
6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021:
4.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022:
4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023:
4.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024:
4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military and security forces: United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Land Forces (Army), Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard (includes special operations forces), National Guard (includes Coast Guard) (2025)
note: each emirate maintains a local police force called a general directorate, which is officially a branch of the federal Ministry of Interior; all emirate-level general directorates of police enforce their respective emirate’s laws autonomously; they also enforce federal laws within their emirate in coordination with one another under the federal ministry; the State Security Directorate (SSD) in Abu Dhabi and Dubai State Security (DSS) have primary responsibility for counterterrorism law enforcement efforts; local, emirate-level police forces, especially the Abu Dhabi Police and Dubai Police, are the first responders in such cases and provide technical assistance to SSD and DSS
Military service age and obligation: 18-40 for voluntary service; 18-30 years of age for compulsory national service for men with a 36-month service obligation for those without a secondary education and 11 months for secondary school graduates; women may volunteer for national service (11-month service obligation regardless of education) (2025)
note 1: compulsory service may be completed in the uniformed military, the Ministry of Interior, or other security institutions designated by the military leadership

note 2: the UAE military employs a considerable number of foreign personnel on contracted service
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military is equipped with mostly modern imported armaments, and a smaller amount of domestically produced weapons; foreign suppliers have included China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Türkiye, and the US; the UAE's domestic defense industry produces or co-produces such items as armored vehicles, naval vessels, precision munitions, and unmanned aerial vehicles/drones for both internal use and export (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 65,000 active Armed Forces (45,000 Land Forces; 3,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force; 12,000 Presidential Guard) (2025)

Space

Space agency/agencies: UAE Space Agency (created in 2014); Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC; established 2006) (2025)
Space program overview: has an ambitious and growing national space program; focused on satellite development, including communications, remote sensing, and navigation, as well as deep space exploration; is building expertise, infrastructure, technology, and research and development capabilities; has elected to use foreign partners to launch payloads from spaceports abroad; has looked to invest in foreign commercial space companies and develop global partnerships; has a foreign-assisted astronaut training program; seeking to establish UAE as an international hub for space education; founding member of the Arab Space Cooperation Group; works with major global and regional players, including China, Egypt, the ESA, France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Turkey, the UK, and the US; sees its commercial space industry as a key to diversifying and developing the country’s non-oil economy; dozens of space companies operate in the UAE, including international and start-ups, plus several space-science research centers (2025)
Key space-program milestones: 1997 - initiated a national space sector

2009 - first remote sensing (RS) satellite (DubaiSat-1) developed jointly with South Korea and launched by Russia

2017 - announced Mars 2117 project, which included building a “Mars Science City” as the first step to establishing a human settlement on Mars within 100 years

2018 - first domestically produced RS satellite (KhalifaSat or DubaiSat-3) launched by Japan

2019 - first UAE astronaut (trained by Russia and US) in space on the International Space Station

2020 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration

2021 - became first Arab country to successfully place a probe (al Amal or Hope) in Mars orbit; announced plans to launch a probe in 2028 to land on an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter

2025 - domestically produced advanced RS/Earth imaging satellite (MBZ-SAT) launched by US

Transnational Issues

Illicit drugs: USG identification:

major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees:
7,634 (2024 est.)

Fonte: CIA World Factbook (domínio público).

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